The chronicle of softball is by far the clearest of all documented sports allied histories. Meaning that football account, soccer and golf among other sports all have much more convoluted beginnings compared to softball account. It is a relatively fresh sport that was originated in Chicago in 1887. The yarn has it that after getting the slice of the Yale and Harvard football fixture that a group of juvenile men jumped and one brood man threw a boxing glove at another who proceeded to hit it with a opposite. George Hancock who is often endorsed with creating the willing then drew out a rhombus on the deck and took the hold of a broom to use as a join. They attached more boxing gloves up to be used as an oversized ball. Suffice that it is odd to say the softball memoirs originated inside and was urban by men. The earliest sport was loosely based on a shortened edition of baseball with a smaller tackle and a larger ball. Shortly after this Mr. Hancock painted permanent outline in the gymnasium, primed some new system and coined the sport inside baseball.

Softball record’s popularity grew quickly and Hancock then bent a publication on all the system of the match. Canada adopted the sport as it was calm to play within. Then the diversion took a rotate on the outside fields in the summer and was called indoors/outdoors.

Different teams and leagues began to grow all over the northeast. Chicago while official with the development saw teams popping up in Minnesota, New York and Massachusetts. Then the great gold haste took easterners west to achieve assets and along with them, they brought there sports, which helped grow the west coasts teams.

Women’s softball was also developed in Chicago and West Division High was the first to have a panel in 1895. They played generally indoors and were not primarily recognized as comparable to the men. It took the women’s leagues much longer to benefit credibility and the heartfelt crossover was the advance in popularity of baseball. As baseball became much more accepted the male players shifted to it while the women began to make softball there own. Now a day’s both men and women of all ages can enjoy the sport.

Throughout the 1900’s leagues and tournaments began to pop up everywhere. The National Championship was first played in Chicago in 1933 and it included both male and female competitors. The sixties and seventies saw professional leagues come to go for women. The slow pitch resolute evolved on the international degree with the Softball World Championships in 1965. It ultimately set the platform for the Olympics which greatly improved softball annals. The contest began to loosen as players became much superior and stronger and fewer plunging and security were incorporated. The officials and high standing certitude makers of the leagues around the world began to make a move swiftly to pitch softball start around the 1980’s and 90’s. At first the changes were met with much resistance but the ready has since embraced the changes.

Fast pitch has tainted the appearance of the willing dramatically. The sport is much more, a match of rush and apology fairly than affront and intensity and it has also produced much more media coverage and advance in the sport than ever.

The match of softball is appealing to so many levels of our citizens. Young men and women can enjoy the contest on whichever a societal or competitive altitude. The thousands of softball leagues around the country afford for a great party scenery. College teams flourish and the international location is more admired than ever. Softball annals has come such a long way in the last hundred years from poles and boxing gloves to international notoriety, so goes the saga of softball.

Jeffrey Seymour
http://www.articlesbase.com/cricket-articles/softball-and-its-history-711297.html

The chronicle of softball is by far the clearest of all documented sports allied histories. Meaning that football account, soccer and golf among other sports all have much more convoluted beginnings compared to softball account. It is a relatively fresh sport that was originated in Chicago in 1887. The yarn has it that after getting the slice of the Yale and Harvard football fixture that a group of juvenile men jumped and one brood man threw a boxing glove at another who proceeded to hit it with a opposite. George Hancock who is often endorsed with creating the willing then drew out a rhombus on the deck and took the hold of a broom to use as a join. They attached more boxing gloves up to be used as an oversized ball. Suffice that it is odd to say the softball memoirs originated inside and was urban by men. The earliest sport was loosely based on a shortened edition of baseball with a smaller tackle and a larger ball. Shortly after this Mr. Hancock painted permanent outline in the gymnasium, primed some new system and coined the sport inside baseball.

Softball record’s popularity grew quickly and Hancock then bent a publication on all the system of the match. Canada adopted the sport as it was calm to play within. Then the diversion took a rotate on the outside fields in the summer and was called indoors/outdoors.

Different teams and leagues began to grow all over the northeast. Chicago while official with the development saw teams popping up in Minnesota, New York and Massachusetts. Then the great gold haste took easterners west to achieve assets and along with them, they brought there sports, which helped grow the west coasts teams.

Women’s softball was also developed in Chicago and West Division High was the first to have a panel in 1895. They played generally indoors and were not primarily recognized as comparable to the men. It took the women’s leagues much longer to benefit credibility and the heartfelt crossover was the advance in popularity of baseball. As baseball became much more accepted the male players shifted to it while the women began to make softball there own. Now a day’s both men and women of all ages can enjoy the sport.

Throughout the 1900’s leagues and tournaments began to pop up everywhere. The National Championship was first played in Chicago in 1933 and it included both male and female competitors. The sixties and seventies saw professional leagues come to go for women. The slow pitch resolute evolved on the international degree with the Softball World Championships in 1965. It ultimately set the platform for the Olympics which greatly improved softball annals. The contest began to loosen as players became much superior and stronger and fewer plunging and security were incorporated. The officials and high standing certitude makers of the leagues around the world began to make a move swiftly to pitch softball start around the 1980’s and 90’s. At first the changes were met with much resistance but the ready has since embraced the changes.

Fast pitch has tainted the appearance of the willing dramatically. The sport is much more, a match of rush and apology fairly than affront and intensity and it has also produced much more media coverage and advance in the sport than ever.

The match of softball is appealing to so many levels of our citizens. Young men and women can enjoy the contest on whichever a societal or competitive altitude. The thousands of softball leagues around the country afford for a great party scenery. College teams flourish and the international location is more admired than ever. Softball annals has come such a long way in the last hundred years from poles and boxing gloves to international notoriety, so goes the saga of softball.

Jeffrey Seymour
http://www.articlesbase.com/cricket-articles/softball-and-its-history-711297.html

I think you will find this a great little trivia quiz about sports. It’s got NFL, NBA, Olympics questions and even harness racing trivia.  But wait… there’s more…World Series Trivia questions are included as are a few about tennis, hockey, and even sports medicine. In all there are 50 questions with the answers.

You can copy and paste this question and answer sheet into a text editor and easily convert it into a number of quiz formats, or you could print out this page and use a felt tipped pen to ink out the answers for those who should not see them.

Great ice breaker for getting party’s started and even for your own amusement. Go have fun!

1. What sport used the term “home run” long before baseball?
Answer: Cricket.

2. Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?
Answer: Karch Kiraly.

3. What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?
Answer: Harness racing.

4. What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980’s?
Answer: The Los Angeles Dodgers.

5. What NFL team is known as the “ain’ts” when on a losing streak?
Answer: The New Orleans Saints.

6. What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames “Ace” and “Net Detective”?Answer: Jim Carey.  Sports trivia questions answers.

7. What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?
Answer: The San Antonio Spurs.

8. Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?
Answer: Steffi Graf.

9. Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito’s number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?
Answer:  Raymond Bourque

10. What Red Sox catcher’s erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname “Frankenstein”?
Answer: Carlton Fisk’s

11. What team hired the NFL’s first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?
Answer: The Dallas Cowboys.

12. What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?
Answer: Navajo.

13.vWhat nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?Answer: Butterbean.

14. What 1995 World Series teams were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?Answer: The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians.

15. What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?
Answer: Tab.

16. What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?Answer: Leslie Nielsen

17. What’s an NBA player deemed to be if he’s received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?
Answer: The most valuable player.

18. What country fielded 1996 Olympic women’s teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?
Answer:  The U.S.

19. What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?
Answer: The Masters.

20. What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?
Answer: The 1960’s.

21. Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his “big but” according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?
Answer: Walter Payton.

22. What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O’Brien Award?
Answer: Quarterback.

23. What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?
Answer: Parkinson’s syndrome.

24. What are the only three European countries to have won soccer’s World Cup?
Answer: England, Italy, West Germany.

25. What is the common term for the tennis ailment “lateral humeral epicondylitis”?
Answer: Tennis Elbow.

26. What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?
Answer: The America’s Cup.

27. Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?
Answer: Deion Sanders.

28. What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?
Answer: Janet Lynn.

29. Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?
Answer: Julie Krone

30. What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?
Answer: The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers.

31. What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?
Answer: Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth.

32. What school gained more yards and scored more points than any team in Southeastern Conference history in 1995?
A: The Florida Gators.

33. What head coach tried to soothe the egos of Dream Team III?
A: Lenny Wilkins.

34. Who’s second to Sam Snead in PGA Tour wins?
A: Jack Nicklaus.

35. What quarterback got stuck with the given names Yelberton Abraham?
A: Y.A. Tittle.

36. Which two cities have the oldest stadiums in major league baseball?
A: Boston and Detroit.

37. What’s the last name of NFL All-Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?
A: Sharpe.

38. What company’s logo is called the “swoosh”?
Answer: Nike’s

39. What baseball announcer’s 1996 funeral was attended b y Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?
A: Mel Allen’s

40. What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?
A: Third base.

41. What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?
A: Frank Gifford.

42. What team did Yankees pitcher Don Larsen blank when he hurled the first perfect game, in the 1956 World Series?
A: The Brooklyn Dodgers.

43. What did an MIT instructor add to a baseball bat to reduce its air drag by 60 percent?
A: Dimples.

44. What recreational activity is second on popularity only to walking in the U.S.?
A: Swimming.

45. What’s the most common nickname for a major league baseball pitcher?
A: “Lefty”.

46. Who was the NBA Coach of the Year trophy named after?
A: Red Auerbach.

47. What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?
A: Hank Aaron.

48. What Cowboy’s 99-yard run from scrimmage put him in the NFL record book in 1983?
A: Tony Dorsett’s.

49. What did college student Joseph Deliberato swallow a record 89 of at one sitting in 1939?A: Goldfish.

50. How many home run titles did Roger Maris win?
A: One.

William Lund
http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/free-printable-trivia-questions-general-sports-trivia-with-answers-749220.html

I think you will find this a great little trivia quiz about sports. It’s got NFL, NBA, Olympics questions and even harness racing trivia.  But wait… there’s more…World Series Trivia questions are included as are a few about tennis, hockey, and even sports medicine. In all there are 50 questions with the answers.

You can copy and paste this question and answer sheet into a text editor and easily convert it into a number of quiz formats, or you could print out this page and use a felt tipped pen to ink out the answers for those who should not see them.

Great ice breaker for getting party’s started and even for your own amusement. Go have fun!

1. What sport used the term “home run” long before baseball?
Answer: Cricket.

2. Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?
Answer: Karch Kiraly.

3. What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?
Answer: Harness racing.

4. What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980’s?
Answer: The Los Angeles Dodgers.

5. What NFL team is known as the “ain’ts” when on a losing streak?
Answer: The New Orleans Saints.

6. What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames “Ace” and “Net Detective”?Answer: Jim Carey.  Sports trivia questions answers.

7. What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?
Answer: The San Antonio Spurs.

8. Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?
Answer: Steffi Graf.

9. Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito’s number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?
Answer:  Raymond Bourque

10. What Red Sox catcher’s erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname “Frankenstein”?
Answer: Carlton Fisk’s

11. What team hired the NFL’s first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?
Answer: The Dallas Cowboys.

12. What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?
Answer: Navajo.

13.vWhat nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?Answer: Butterbean.

14. What 1995 World Series teams were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?Answer: The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians.

15. What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?
Answer: Tab.

16. What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?Answer: Leslie Nielsen

17. What’s an NBA player deemed to be if he’s received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?
Answer: The most valuable player.

18. What country fielded 1996 Olympic women’s teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?
Answer:  The U.S.

19. What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?
Answer: The Masters.

20. What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?
Answer: The 1960’s.

21. Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his “big but” according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?
Answer: Walter Payton.

22. What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O’Brien Award?
Answer: Quarterback.

23. What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?
Answer: Parkinson’s syndrome.

24. What are the only three European countries to have won soccer’s World Cup?
Answer: England, Italy, West Germany.

25. What is the common term for the tennis ailment “lateral humeral epicondylitis”?
Answer: Tennis Elbow.

26. What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?
Answer: The America’s Cup.

27. Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?
Answer: Deion Sanders.

28. What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?
Answer: Janet Lynn.

29. Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?
Answer: Julie Krone

30. What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?
Answer: The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers.

31. What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?
Answer: Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth.

32. What school gained more yards and scored more points than any team in Southeastern Conference history in 1995?
A: The Florida Gators.

33. What head coach tried to soothe the egos of Dream Team III?
A: Lenny Wilkins.

34. Who’s second to Sam Snead in PGA Tour wins?
A: Jack Nicklaus.

35. What quarterback got stuck with the given names Yelberton Abraham?
A: Y.A. Tittle.

36. Which two cities have the oldest stadiums in major league baseball?
A: Boston and Detroit.

37. What’s the last name of NFL All-Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?
A: Sharpe.

38. What company’s logo is called the “swoosh”?
Answer: Nike’s

39. What baseball announcer’s 1996 funeral was attended b y Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?
A: Mel Allen’s

40. What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?
A: Third base.

41. What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?
A: Frank Gifford.

42. What team did Yankees pitcher Don Larsen blank when he hurled the first perfect game, in the 1956 World Series?
A: The Brooklyn Dodgers.

43. What did an MIT instructor add to a baseball bat to reduce its air drag by 60 percent?
A: Dimples.

44. What recreational activity is second on popularity only to walking in the U.S.?
A: Swimming.

45. What’s the most common nickname for a major league baseball pitcher?
A: “Lefty”.

46. Who was the NBA Coach of the Year trophy named after?
A: Red Auerbach.

47. What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?
A: Hank Aaron.

48. What Cowboy’s 99-yard run from scrimmage put him in the NFL record book in 1983?
A: Tony Dorsett’s.

49. What did college student Joseph Deliberato swallow a record 89 of at one sitting in 1939?A: Goldfish.

50. How many home run titles did Roger Maris win?
A: One.

William Lund
http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/free-printable-trivia-questions-general-sports-trivia-with-answers-749220.html

Host of the popular reality series, The Apprentice, business mogul Donald Trump finds himself in the hot seat again. No, it’s not about his ongoing feud with actress and The View host Rosie O’ Donnell, nor is it about former Miss USA Tara Conner and her journey as a recovering alcoholic and drug addict. This time it’s about Olympic athlete Angela Ruggiero, one of the contestants on the current season of The Apprentice.

The usually strong and determined Trump has apparently gone soft in terms of firing undeserving individuals on the show, and the most damning evidence surfaced in an exclusive BuddyTV interview with Aimee Trotter, a territory manager from Chicago Illinois and the 6th person to be fired from the show. According to Trotter, who served as the team Kinetics leader during the Mall challenge, told Trump that she would be bringing Angela and Jenn Hoffman to the boardroom, where all the axing takes place. However, even after she explained why she was taking Angela with her, Trump subtly told her that he was not about to fire an Olympic gold medalist on national television. Of course, this exchange was apparently edited out of the episode.

It seems that not only is Trump attracted by millions upon millions of green currency, he is also quite the fan of shiny medals, particularly the gold kind. Ruggiero, a native of Los Angeles, participated in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 Olympics, where she and the rest U.S. Olympic Hockey Team earned a gold medal, a silver medal and a bronze medal respectively. His fascination with Ruggiero first became apparent when, on the sixth season premiere episode, he embraced her but gave everyone else a handshake during the introductions. As the show progressed, Trump also frequently expressed his opinion about Ruggiero’s accomplishments at the Olympics and was generous with his praises.

For more resources about The Apprentice or especially about The Apprentice: Trump’s Olympic Bias please visit http://www.buddytv.com

Groshan Fabiola
http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/the-apprentice-trumps-olympic-bias-130250.html

HAITI: THE MAGIC LAND

By Alejandro Guevara Onofre

INTRODUCTION

In 1492 Christopher Columbus wrote about Haiti: “The most beautiful in the world”. Certainly, Haiti is a wonderful country in the Caribbean. I think that has a special beauty, with a geography and traditional culture that is totally different from all the other countries in Latin America.

Now, this essay is a historical information about Haiti, the first black republic in the modern history and one of the poorest nations on Earth. Each chapter provides details on history, economy, biographies, sport, awards, foreign relations, culture and other important aspects of Haiti. The people that don’t know Haiti very much think that Haiti is only one of the world’s poorest countries, but the Island is known for its traditional culture, hospitality, superstitions, history. Furthermore, Haiti is the home to National Park History, one of the ancient wonders of the world, and renowned women such as Edwidge Danticat and Michaëlle Jean were born there.

Since then, the dictatorships have destroyed Haitian society, economy, ecology and sport. Since 1950, two million Haitian people emigrated to the United States and other countries. Haitian-American arrived from Haiti with nothing more than their clothes. If we compare the Haiti of today to Haiti of thirty years ago, we see a change: a new multiparty democracy. Today, a vast part of the Third World and more than a billion people are under dictatorships.

Eventually, I would like to finish my introduction with a message by Albert Mangones: “Haiti is unique in history, going directly from slavery to nationhood”.

CHRONOLOGY:

1492: Columbus discovered Haiti in the 15th Century.

1520-1697: Haiti is a Spanish territory. In the late 1500 and early 1600, African slaves flocked to Island.

1697-1790: Haiti is a French colony. After 16th Century, Haiti became the most important French colony in the Americas. Island´s export to Europe included sugar, coffee and corn. The beauty of Haiti is recognized by the French in the mid-1700 Century, when they called it “Pearl the Caribbean”.

1790-1803: During the French colonization slaves suffers from maltreatment. By the late 1790, pro-independence demonstrations. An Anti-slavery movement under Toussaint L´Ouverture began. L´Ouverture is one of the most important black leaders in the history.During this period of time, Haitian slaves attack villages. Anti-French protests riots brutally suppressed. By the late 1803, under leadership of Jean Jacques Dessalines, Haiti army defeated the French forces at the Battle of Vertieres.

1804-1806:A French colony for more than hundred years, Haiti becomes independent, one of the most important events in the history. Jean Jacques Dessalines became the first president of new republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the modern history. Dessalines is the “Father of Modern Haiti”. Haiti occupies the Western third of Hispaniola, the second-largest Island in the Caribbean.

1804-1820: Unfortunately; Haiti is divided into two zones. Northern Haiti is occupied by Henri Christopher, who is named Emperor, while the north is occupied by Alexander Petion. Petion is probably the greatest Haitian politician who ever lived.

1880: Haiti has one of the richest ecosystems in the Caribbean.

1900: Haiti´s modern political has been tumultuous, marked by dictatorships

1915-1934: Haiti has not had an effective national government Invasion by United States forces. US troops sent to Haiti during civil sub-war.

1918: The Presidential Palace, one of the best national palaces in the world, is originally designed by the Haitian Georges Bassan. Bassan is inspired to White House Washington.

1926: Emily Greene Balch, a human rights activist, went to Haiti.

1928: Cator is the only Haitian ever to win olympic silver medal. After, Haitian athlete Sylvio Cator breaks the men’s long jump record in Paris. Cator was given a hero’s welcome when he returned to his country.

1937: In the Dominican Republic, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo ordered national troops to massacre of 20000 Haitian emigrants.

1940-1950: Haiti is one of the most popular travel destinations in the Caribbean.

1944: Dewitt Peters, an American school-teacher, founded the Centre d’Art in Port -au-Prince Since 1944, Centre d’Art became the centre of the Haitian painting. It is now one of Haiti´s biggest tourist attractions, and every year thousands of people came to see the paintings and other work of Haitian art.

1945: Haiti becomes the 26th member of the United Nations in October.

1956: Haiti establishes diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan).

1956: Daniel Fignolé is President of the Provisional Council and Head of State of Haiti

1957-1971:After working for a time as a traditional doctor, Francois Duvalier became one of Haiti’s most famous doctors. In 1957, Duvalier is elected President of the Republic of Haiti. President Duvalier announced: “My government will guarantee the exercise of liberty to all Haitians”. Francois Duvalier, also known for his nickname “Papa Doc”, emerged as Head of State and quickly gained nearly absolute power. In 1961 “Papa Doc” rewrote the National Constitution. After, he became the first “President for Eternity of Haiti”. In the 1960s and 1970s “Papa Doc” popularizes superstitions ideas to Haiti through a series of important voodoo rites. The Duvalier dictatorship instituted rig press censorship. International agencies accuse government of grave human rights abuses. His regime of terror resulted in the deaths of least 30000 Haitian. The Island is one of the most dangerous countries in the Third World.

1957-1981: Haitian First Lady Simone Ovide became one of the most dominant women in the history of Haiti. Simone, wife of the most famous dictator of Haiti, gained in influence and power through corruption and crime.

1957-1989: For many decades, Haiti does not have diplomatic relations with the USSR, People’s Republic of China, Cuba, Hungary, South Africa and East Germany.

1960: The Tonton Macoutes, the brutal secret police, initiated a “Haitian genocide” in which political prisoners were tortured and executed.

1964: Joseph Eduard Gaetjens, the idol of millions of Haitians, is arrested and killed by the Tonton Macoutes, the sinister Haitian secret police. Like John Barnes (Jamaica) and Everald “Gally” Cummings (Trinidad Tobago), he was a great footballer in the Caribbean. After, Gaetjens become a world symbol of the struggle against dictatorship in the Third World. He had dual Haitian and American nationality and played at 1950 World Cup for the United States. Son of Haitian mother and Belgium father, he played for many clubs in the United States. The year 1950 was a very important year for Gaetjens: the United States beat England 1-0, the birthplace of the modern football.

1964: Francois Duvalier changed the national flag. Black and red are the colors chosen by Duvalier. Black, which is similar to the Angolan flag, represents the descendants of the patriot Francois Toussaint L’Ouverture and is also the traditional color of the Haitian people. While, red symbolizes the country`s independence. But the original flag, used since 1803, was removed in 1986 by order of the new government.

1966: Haile Selassie, the Emperor of Ethiopia, arrives in Port-au-Prince. Under the leadership of Dictator Francois Duvalier, many African countries maintain official diplomatic relations with Haiti.

1967: The Comedians, a film by British director Peter Glenville, inspired in the cruel Haitian dictatorship by the Duvalier family.

1971: After Duvalier’s death, power passed to his son Jean Claude Duvalier, the man who became known throughout the world as “Baby Doc”. Baby Doc is as dictatorial as his father. Haiti is ruled by iron hand. Duvalier, best known for his anticommunist political, is omnipresent. Many opposition leaders were arrested. He is accused of human rights abuses. Thousand of Haitian people fled the country. Corruption is prevalent at all levels of government. The health system is one of the worst in the Americas.

1974: The sporting system is one of the worst in the Third World, but Haiti qualified for the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Haiti beat Trinidad-Tobago in the World Cup qualifiers. Is one of the greatest sporting moment, in the chronology, comparing it to something like Sylvio Cator, who won a silver medal in long jump in the 1928 Olympics Games in Holland.

1975: In El Salvador, Miss Haiti, Gerthie David, is named first runner up at Miss Universe Pageant… transmitting live to millions by CBS. After, Gerthie David is acclaimed in Port-au-Prince as a national heroine. Miss Haiti competed with 71 other women from around the world for the title of Miss Universe, including Miss USA, Summer Barthollomew.

1980: Like Canada, West Germany South Korea and Kenya, Haiti boycott the Moscow Olympic Games in protest for Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

1980-1986: Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haiti’s longtime dictator, married Michelle Bennett, an aristocratic lady. A little more than three months later, Bennett-Duvalier becomes First Lady of Haiti. Like Eva Peron (Argentina) or Jiang Qing (People’s Republic of China), she was a woman with great power. Michelle Bennett promoted her mulatto countrymen to positions of leadership in the dictatorship at his expense of the African-Haitians.

1982: The National History Park (La Citadelle Laferriere, Sans Souci Palace and Ramiers) is designated as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. Like Machu Picchu (Peru) and Angkor What (Cambodia), the National History Park is considered among the wonders of the world.

1982: Ronald Agenor wins a gold medal in men’s tennis singles at the Central American and Caribbean Sports Games La Havana. He captures the hearts of the Island.

1983: Pope John Paul arrives in Haiti for a visit. “Things most change here”, said John Paul II.

1986: As Jean-Claude consolidated his power, he consistently refused to consider constitutional reform. The insurrection against the dictator Jean Claude Duvalier began…Antigovernment protesters in the capital. Many deaths, injuries and arrests. Seeming end to long Haitian dictatorship with fall of Duvalier regime.

1987: Haiti has one of the America’s rates of HIV infection

1987: The New Constitution restored many of the liberties abolished by the Duvalier family. The National Constitution recognizes both French and Creole as official languages. A new opposition emerged under Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

1988: Writer Rene Depestre wins the Prix Ranandot. Depestre, a Haitian dissident now living in France, was cited his novel Hadriana dans tous mes reves. By the mid-1980s Rene Depestre had become well known in literacy circles outside Haiti.

1990: Ertha Pascall-Trouillot becomes the first black woman elected of head of state in the world.

1990: First multi-party elections. Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a charismatic black leader, was elected president of Haiti. Aristide is the first democratic president since 1804.He was elected with the most popular support of any Haitian presidential candidate in the history.

1991: Military coup in the country. Raoul Cedras, leader of the coup, emerged as head of the new government. This year marked the end of eight months of democracy. Under new government, all political parties were dissolved.

1991-1995: Like Equatorial Guinea, Cuba and North Korea, Haiti has one of the most serious human rights problems in the Third World.

1993: United Nations imposed economic sanctions on Haiti, one of the most densely populated nations in the Americas.

1994: Peaceful occupation by United States forces to restore democratic electoral system. Raoul Cedras and his family went into exile in Panama City. Aristide was restored to power.

1995: In Port-au-Prince, sub-war violence includes assassination of Meireille Durocher Bertin.

1995: In Beijing, the capital of city of the People’s Republic of China, Haiti participated in the UN`s Fourth World Conference on Women

1996:More than 5,000 Haitians had been killed and miles more fled to abroad, United States, Canada, Bahamas and Dominican Republic, since 1991.

1998: Haitian president Renè Garcia Preval arrives in Taipei (Taiwan) for a four-day state visit. He and President Lee will sign a communiqué to strengthen bilateral friendship and cooperation.

1999: Dominican president Leonel Fernandez visit to Haiti as part of a new diplomacy.

2002: In Paris, Dudley Dorival finished 3rd in the 110 hurdles at the World Championships. He becomes the 1st Haitian to win an individual international medal since 1928.Dorival was born in New Jersey, United States, to Haitian parents on 1 September 1975. He in 2000 officially became a citizen of Haiti.

2000: Haiti is one of the thirty poorest countries in the Third World.

2000-2001: The elections were boycotted by the main opposition political parties. Aristide was again elected President. Widespread violent in Haiti allege that Aristide’s election victory is fraudulent. Total political censorship exists in national media.

2004: This year Haiti is celebrating the 200th Anniversary of their National Independence. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti flees to Central African Republic following anti-government demonstrations. Haiti has one of the most violent conflict areas in the Americas. After, UN troops sent to Haiti during civil sub-war.

2006: Rene Preval is sworn in as President of Haiti. Since the peaceful transfer of power in February, Haiti is the newest democracy in the Third World.

ECONOMY

Like Bangladesh, Uganda or Tanzania, Haiti is one of the poorest countries on Earth. In 1997, the Haiti’s economic growth rate (real GDP) per capita was U$ 1,300. GDP per capita for Namibia, Botswana and Equatorial Guinea are higher than for Haiti. In the country 4 million people living on less than U$2 a day. More than 6 million of the Haiti’s population still does not have access to potable water and electricity. For years of dictatorships had left the country’s economy in ruins. The country dependent on international aid. Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate each year to Dominican Republic.

In 1997, total exports for the year were U$110 million, while total imports were US$ 486 million. Since 1804, the US market has been the most important export destination for Haiti. Nearly 80 percent of Haiti’s total exports are destined for the United States. Haiti’s exports include sisal, mangoes, coffee, cotton, bauxite, and sugar. The Island’s imports from the United States include cement, oil, food, machinery and transport equipment. France has been the second largest exports destination for Haitian products.

In the past, the tourism industry occupied an eminent place in the Haitian economy, but several political problems have blocked tourism. Haiti was the first country in the Caribbean to promote tourism in an accelerated form. Haiti is a small country with vast mountains, tropical beaches and beautiful historic buildings.

CULTURE

Like Katherine Dunham, Lillian Hellman, W.B. Seabrook, Erik Leonard Ekman, Alejo Carpentier, Selden Rodman, Noel Coward and Angeline Jolie, many people say that Haiti is the most beautiful country in the Caribbean. Known as the “Magic Land”, Haiti is famous for its culture. Certainly, Haiti its culture, its superstitions and its music. The superstitions or voodoo plays a profound role in the lives of many Haitians. The voodoo was introduced into Haiti in the late 16th Century. Haiti is also famous for its painting, and finally for its ruins…for example the Sans Souci Palace, the most famous ruins in the Caribbean. Exactly, this enigmatic palace is considered a Cultural Heritage for Humanity by UNESCO. Originally constructed by black slaves, now Sans Souci is one of Haiti’s main tourist attractions.

Since the late 1940s, Haitian painting, best known as “naïve art” or “intuitive art”, is famous all around the World. The most important figure was Hector Hyppolite. His work made its biggest splash in the United States in the 20th Century. Other artists known internationally include Rigaud Benoit, Castera Bazile, Joseph Jean-Giles and Jean-Baptista Bottlex.Haiti is famous for its traditional sculpture. The best Haitian sculptor is Albert Mangoes.

FAMOUS HAITIAN

Nelust Wyclef Jean (singer/Haitian-American): Original member of 1990s hip hop group The Fugees. Wyclef Jean is probably the most popular Haitian singer of all time. Jean was born in Croix des Bouquets (Haiti) on October 17, 1972. When he was just ten years old, he moved to the United States. Under leadership of Wyclef Jean and Lauryn Hill, The Fugees had several hits in the 1990s, including The Score (The Score album sold 6 million copies). Since 1997, Wyclef Jean, as soloist, became well-known on the international music scene. Like songwriter and producer, Jean collaborated with superstars as Santana, Withney Houston, Mick Jagger,Bono,Tevin Cambpell, Bounty Killer, Eric Benet, Sarah Connor, Claudette Ortiz, Tarkan, Michael Jackson, Youssou N´Dor, Shakira, Olga Tañon, Carlos Ponce and Julio Voltio. During the last seven years, he has sold more than 10 millions albums worldwide. In 2002, his single Masquerade was a great success.

Since then, Wyclef Jean is a man that always works with love for Haiti, one of the World’s poorest countries. Recently, he makes perhaps his best work: “Yele Haiti”, a foundation which works for the human development in the Island. Like Miriam Makeba in South Africa or Bianca Jagger in Nicaragua, Jean loves his roots. In an interview for Magazine, Wyclef Jean discussed about Haitian roots: “I am 100% Haitian. I am proud to be Haitian. I still have my Haitian passport. I represent Haiti in everything that I do. Every head in the industry knows that I am Haitian…they know what I’m about. I was Haitian forst. Haitian till die!”, said Jean.

Discography: Wyclef Jean Present the Carnival Featuring the refugee All-Stars (1997) / The Ecleftic:2 Sides II a Book/ Masquerade (2002) / The Preacher’s (2003)/ Sak Pasé Presents: Creole 101( 2004) /Hips Don’t Lie (with Shakira, 2006).

SPECIAL AWARDS

Gerthie David “The Black Goddess”

In 1975, many Haitian people were shocked to open their newspapers and see photographs of Gerthie David Miss Haiti in El Salvador. On the night of July 19th 1975, in San Salvador, Gerthie David, Miss Haiti, was the second black woman to first runner-up in the history of Miss Universe Pageant. After winning the Miss Haiti title, Gerthie went to San Salvador, the capital city of El Salvador, to enter the Miss Universe Contest. The competence was exhausting, very hard, for example Miss Bolivia, Jackeline Gammarra, great favorite, was eliminated. This day, Miss Haiti looks like a black goddess. Her exotic beauty and charming personality are amazing! At 1,72m in height, she was the best in the evening gown competition, but her speech about the Haitian superstitions swayed thousands of applauses in the 25th Edition of the Contest. Certainly, Miss Haiti captive to the judges Sarah Vaughan (American black singer), Maribel Arrieta (Miss El Salvador 1955 and First runner-up at Miss Universe 1955), Jean Claude Killy (French sportsmen) and Leon Uris(American writer ).

When Bob Barker, the host this pageant, announces the final placements, Gerthie was cheered by the entire auditorium. Suddenly, her pulse rate beats at thousand per minute… “First runner-up is Miss Haiti!”, said Barker. She was one of the most exotic delegates in all history of Miss Universe. In the 1970s, Gerthie David was a model from Port-au Prince and she became a symbol to the Haitian youth. Next months, in London, Joelle Apollon, Miss Haiti-World, came in sixth place at Miss World 1975.After sixteen years, Marjorie Vincent, formerly Miss Illinois 1991,won the title of Miss America Pageant. The first Miss America to originate from the Caribbean. In other words, Marjorie Vincent has Haitian roots. Furthermore, she was the second black woman to win the pageant.

SPORTS

Like in Brazil or Italy, the football is the most popular sport in Haiti. Certainly, the national pastime is the football. A different of the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico, the Haitian people don’t like the baseball. In the 20th Century, football became the most popular sport in the Island, thanks to such heroes as Sylvio Cator, Joseph Gaetjens and Emmanuel Sanon. In 1974 Haiti qualified for the World Cup in Germany.

Emmanuel Sanon was one of the Haiti’s most popular players and played at the 1974 World Cup. Sanon made a great contribution to Haitian football because he played in more World Cup qualifiers any other Haitian. He is still very popular with local fans. Other phenomenal talent was Joseph Eduard Gaetjens. He represented both Haiti and the United States. He made FIFA World Cup History: When scored United States opening goal in the 1950 World Cup against England. Joseph came to the United States in the 1940s to play in the American Soccer League. His beautiful play in the Brookhattan Club made in a national star. In 1953, he played for Haiti for the first time.

It’s practically impossible to talk about Haitian athletes without mentioning Sylvio Cator. He is a legend in this sport. Cator won the silver medal in the long jump at 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. Cator returned home to a hero’s welcome. From 1928 to 1930, he was record man in the long jump. Cator was a marvelous jumper and footballer. He also played an important role in popularizing football in the Island (it was the captain of Haitian National Team).

Since then, he is an example for young people in Haiti. He died in November 1938, but today the people of Haiti still think of him with respect. Many years after Cator’s death, the National Stadium in Por-au-Prince was renamed in his honor. Cator was the first of the great Caribbean sportsmen that would come to dominate world track and field.

FAMOUS ATHLETES

Bruny Surin (Canada-Haiti/track field)/ Edrick Floreal (Canada-Haiti/track field)/ Samuel Dalembert ( USA-Haiti/basketball) / Ronald Agenor (USA-Haiti/tennis)/ Sylvio Cator (track and field)/ Yves Jeudy (Box)/ Dieudonne Lamothe (marathon)/ Ludovic Augustin (shooting)/ Ludovic Volborge (shooting)/ Joseph Eduard Gaetjens (Haiti-USA/football)/ Dudley Dorival (track field)/ Fitz Plantin Andre (football)/ Emmanuel Sanon (football)/ Josmer Altidore (Haitian-American/football).

Dudley Dorival (track and field): Dudley Dorival was born on 1 September 1975 in Elizabeth (New Jersey, USA). Dorival is the son of Haitian parents and got Haitian nationality just in time for the XXVII Summer Olympics Games. Since the 2000 Olympics, Dudley Dorival has competed in international competitions under the banner of Haiti. In Sydney (Australia) Dorival finished 7th in the 110m hurdles. He became the first Haitian to Olympic finalist since Yves Jeudy (boxer) in 1976. He won the silver medal at the 1994 World Junior Championship, the bronze at the 2001 World Chanpionship and the gold medal at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games El Salvador. Dorival is one of the best sportsman in the history of Haiti.

FAMOUS WOMEN

Michaëlla Jean (Governor-General of Canada)/ Yvonne Neptune (former Prime Minister)/Claudette Werleigh (Prime Minister 1995-1996)/Lina Blanchet (singer)/ Edwidge Danticat (writer)/ Michelle Bennett Duvalier(First Lady of Haiti 1981-1986)/ Luce Turnier (painter)/ Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (Head of State 1990-1991)/ Marie Casimir (journalist) / Sonia Sekula (Painter) / Marie Chauvet (writer)/ Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain (writer)/ Carmen Brouard (singer)/Dayana Bennett (journalist and actress) / Elie Price (singer)/ Blanche Bosselman (singer)/ Lina Mathon (singer)/ Georgette Moliere (singer)/ Simone Ovide Duvalier (First Lady of Haiti 1957-1981)/ Marleine Bastien (human rights leader)/ Garcelle Beauvais (actress and model)/ Deborah Saint-Phard (track and field)/ Antoinette Gauthier (track and field), Louise Pierre (track and field)/ Rose Gauthier (track and field)

Edwidge Danticat (writer): One of the Caribbean’s most famous writers in the 21st Century. She has written several novels and collections of shore stories, including Kri? Kra!, nominated for a National Book Award. Danticat attracted international attention in 1997 when she wrote perhaps her most famous novel Farming of the Bones, a story about genocide Haitians under the repressive dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo.

Garcelle Beauvais (actress): She is the first Haitian actress to star on television. Although she has lived in the United States for many years, the actress and former fashion model Garcelle Beauvais was born in Saint Marc, a city in Haiti, in 1966. She is perhaps best known for her role as Francesca Monroe on TV’s the Jamie Foxx Show. Like Gerthie David, Joelle Apollon, Evelyn Miot, and Marjorie Vincent, she has the classic beauty of the Haitian black woman

REFERENCES:

-Bennet Patterson, Carolyn.”Haiti: Beyond mountains, more mountains”, National Geographic, Washington DC, January 1976

-Bishop,Randa. “Imponentes monumentos haitianos”, Americas, Washington DC, enero-febrero 1987

-Cobb,Charles. “Haiti against all odds”, National Geographic, November 1987

-Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year 1981, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago, 1980

-Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2003, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago, 2002

-Guevara Onofre, Alejandro. Enciclopedia Mundototal 1999, Editorial San Marcos, Lima, 1998

-Hunter, Brian. The Statesman’s Year-Book 1991-92, The Macmillan Press, 1991

-Moritz, Charles. Current Biography Yearbook 1972, H.W Wilson Company, NY

-Sconfield, John. “Haiti-West Africa in the West Indies”, National Geographic, Washington DC, February 1961

-The International Who’s Who 1996-97, Europe Publications, London, 1996

-The World Almanac 2001, World Almanac Books, New Jersey, 2001

-Tibballs, Geoff. The Olympics´ strangest moments, Robson Books, London, 2004

-Vargas Llosa, Mario. “Haití: la muerte”, El Comercio, Lima, 25.4.1994

-Visión. “Imperio del Poder Vitalicio”, Santiago de Chile, 17 de marzo de 1967

-Wallechinsky, David. The complete Book of the Olympics, Aurum Press, London, 2004

-Wallechinsky, David-Wallace, Irving. The People’s Almanac2, Batam Book Inc

-WWW.Yotube.com “1975 El Salvador Miss Universe” (video)

Alejandro Guevara Onofre
http://www.articlesbase.com/travel-articles/haitithe-magic-land-115094.html

 

Originally almost all hair replacement systems were only available to the wealthy in or within access to major metropolitan areas such as New York, Chicago and Los Angeles.  The reason being, that’s where the wig makers were.  Prior to the industrialization of hair replacements they were made by independent wig makers across the country and around the world.  In the 1960’s the wig market began to grow with the increase in demand for ready made wigs.  Those products were primarily coming out of Japan.

When the Japanese economy really started to boom after the Olympics in Tokyo 1964 much of the low tech products coming out of Japan moved their production to Korea.  Korea’s economy was still based on lower tech production of goods and it became the new base for hair replacement and hair goods production.  Japan became known for hi quality High Tech products and automobiles.  During the years that followed Korea became the Mecca of hair replacement production and the demand for men’s hair replacements started to grow.  As materials and technique became upgraded so did the prices.  In 1988 Seoul Korea hosted the Olympics and thus began the move from Korean production of hair replacements to China.  During this time we also saw an increase in production in other countries such as the Philippines, Haiti and Mexico.  The best quality of these 3 countries came out of the Philippines but due to strict government involvement with unions the Philippines could not match the pricing and soon the quality of the hair replacements coming out of China.

Well, here we are 2008 and the Olympics were just hosted in Beijing China.  The Chinese government has been in a mad scramble over the past few years to get the country ready to host the games and with that there has been an increase in more High Tech product production and less emphasis on the Low Tech product production like hair replacements and again an increase in the demand for cheaper product and a decrease in availability.  Once there becomes a supply and demand issue, prices increase.  Wholesale companies can no longer get good quality at a low price and just like everything else the end consumer pays for these increases in the end.   Now the question is; “Did the prices for hair replacements really go up that much?”   The answer; “No not really.”  However, there is validity to the supply and demand issues causing a decrease in good quality human hair creating price increases in raw materials.  In the end the consumer has been forced to the internet for their hair replacement needs where prices are still within reach for the average consumer and in this economy the consumer needs all the help they can get.

ImranAdrees
http://www.articlesbase.com/hair-loss-articles/hair-replacement-costs-on-the-rise-559214.html

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